Radiocarbon calibration curves — c14

Radiocarbon calibration requires a calibration curve: an estimate of the true calendar age associated with a radiocarbon measurement. The following curves are included with the c14 package:

IntCal20: IntCal Northern Hemisphere curve, 0–55,000 cal BP (Reimer et al. 2020) .
SHCal20: IntCal Southern Hemisphere curve, 0–55,000 cal BP (Hogg et al. 2020) .
Marine20: IntCal marine curve, 0–55,000 cal BP (Heaton et al. 2020) .
IntCal13, IntCal09, IntCal04, IntCal98: Previous IntCal Northern Hemisphere curves (Reimer et al. 2013; Reimer et al. 2009; Reimer et al. 2004; Stuiver et al. 1998) . Superseded by IntCal20.
SHCal13, SHCal04: Previous IntCal Southern Hemisphere curves (Hogg et al. 2013; McCormac et al. 2004) . Superseded by SHCal20.
Marine13, Marine09, Marine04, Marine98: Previous IntCal marine curves (Reimer et al. 2013; Reimer et al. 2009; Hughen et al. 2004; Stuiver et al. 1998) . Superseded by Marine20.

Generally, it is recommended to use the latest curve from the IntCal series: IntCal20 for samples from the northern hemisphere; SHCal20 for samples from the southern hemisphere; or Marine20 for samples that obtained their 14C in a marine environment.

Usage

IntCal20

SHCal20

Marine20

IntCal13

SHCal13

Marine13

IntCal09

Marine09

IntCal04

SHCal04

Marine04

IntCal98

Marine98

Format

A c14_curve object with the following fields.

For standard curves:

cal_age: Calendar ages with associated era (era::yr class).
c14_age: Uncalibrated radiocarbon ages.
c14_error: Errors (sigma values) associated with c14_age.
d14c: Delta-14C values.
d14c_error: Errors (sigma values) associated with d14c.

For post-bomb curves:

cal_age: Calendar ages with their associated era (era::yr class).
f14c: Fraction modern (F14C or pMC) values.
f14c_error: Errors (sigma values) associated with f14c.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 9501.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 5501.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 5141.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 4801.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 3522.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 3651.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 3302.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 2482.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 3301.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 1538.

An object of class c14_curve_14c (inherits from c14_curve, vctrs_rcrd, vctrs_vctr) of length 1569.

Source

http://intcal.org/curves/ and http://calib.org/CALIBomb/

References

Heaton TJ, Köhler P, Butzin M, Bard E, Reimer RW, Austin WEN, Ramsey CB, Grootes PM, Hughen KA, Kromer B, Reimer PJ, Adkins J, Burke A, Cook MS, Olsen J, Skinner LC (2020). “Marine20---The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0--55,000 cal BP).” Radiocarbon, 62(4), 779--820. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.68 .

Hogg AG, Heaton TJ, Hua Q, Palmer JG, Turney CSM, Southon J, Bayliss A, Blackwell PG, Boswijk G, Ramsey CB, Pearson C, Petchey F, Reimer P, Reimer R, Wacker L (2020). “SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0--55,000 Years cal BP.” Radiocarbon, 62(4), 759--778. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.59 .

Hogg AG, Hua Q, Blackwell PG, Niu M, Buck CE, Guilderson TP, Heaton TJ, Palmer JG, Reimer PJ, Reimer RW, Turney CSM, Zimmerman SRH (2013). “SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0--50,000 Years cal BP.” Radiocarbon, 55(4), 1889--1903. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16783 .

Hughen KA, Baillie MGL, Bard E, Warren Beck J, Bertrand CJH, Blackwell PG, Buck CE, Burr GS, Cutler KB, Damon PE, Edwards RL, Fairbanks RG, Friedrich M, Guilderson TP, Kromer B, McCormac G, Manning S, Ramsey CB, Reimer PJ, Reimer RW, Remmele S, Southon JR, Stuiver M, Talamo S, Taylor FW, VAN der Plicht J, Weyhenmeyer CE (2004). “Marine04 Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0--26 Cal Kyr Bp.” Radiocarbon, 46(3), 1059--1086. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.1017/S0033822200033002 .

McCormac FG, Hogg AG, Blackwell PG, Buck CE, Higham TFG, Reimer PJ (2004). “SHCal04 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0--11.0 Cal Kyr BP.” Radiocarbon, 46(3), 1087--1092. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.1017/S0033822200033014 .

Reimer PJ, Austin WEN, Bard E, Bayliss A, Blackwell PG, Ramsey CB, Butzin M, Cheng H, Lawrence Edwards R, Friedrich M, Grootes PM, Guilderson TP, Hajdas I, Heaton TJ, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Kromer B, Manning SW, Muscheler R, Palmer JG, Pearson C, van der Plicht J, Reimer RW, Richards DA, Marian Scott E, Southon JR, Turney CSM, Wacker L, Adolphi F, Büntgen U, Capano M, Fahrni SM, Fogtmann-Schulz A, Friedrich R, Köhler P, Kudsk S, Miyake F, Olsen J, Reinig F, Sakamoto M, Sookdeo A, Talamo S (2020). “The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0--55 cal kBP).” Radiocarbon, 62(4), 725--757. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.41 .

Reimer PJ, Baillie MGL, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Burr GS, Edwards RL, Friedrich M, Grootes PM, Guilderson TP, Hajdas I, Heaton TJ, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Kaiser KF, Kromer B, McCormac FG, Manning SW, Reimer RW, Richards DA, Southon JR, Talamo S, Turney CSM, van der Plicht J, Weyhenmeyer CE (2009). “IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years cal BP.” Radiocarbon, 51(4), 1111--1150. ISSN 0033-8222.

Reimer PJ, Baillie MGL, Bard E, Bayliss A, Warren Beck J, Bertrand CJH, Blackwell PG, Buck CE, Burr GS, Cutler KB, Damon PE, Lawrence Edwards R, Fairbanks RG, Friedrich M, Guilderson TP, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Kromer B, McCormac G, Manning S, Ramsey CB, Reimer RW, Remmele S, Southon JR, Stuiver M, Talamo S, Taylor FW, van der Plicht J, Weyhenmeyer CE (2004). “IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP.” Radiocarbon, 46(3), 1029--1058. ISSN 0033-8222.

Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Warren Beck J, Blackwell PG, Ramsey CB, Buck CE, Cheng H, Lawrence Edwards R, Friedrich M, Grootes PM, Guilderson TP, Haflidason H, Hajdas I, Hatté C, Heaton TJ, Hoffmann DL, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Felix Kaiser K, Kromer B, Manning SW, Niu M, Reimer RW, Richards DA, Marian Scott E, Southon JR, Richard A Staff, Turney CSM, van der Plicht J (2013). “IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0--50,000 Years cal BP.” Radiocarbon, 55(4), 1869--1887. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 .

Stuiver M, Reimer PJ, Bard E, Warren Beck J, Burr GS, Hughen KA, Kromer B, McCormac G, Van Der Plicht J, Spurk M (1998). “INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000--0 cal BP.” Radiocarbon, 40(3), 1041--1083. ISSN 0033-8222, 1945-5755, doi:10.1017/S0033822200019123 .